A historic gateway to the Old Town, the Kraków Barbican is an impressive relic of the city's old fortifications. Built in 1498, it is one of the best-preserved medieval defensive structures in Europe and a remarkable symbol of the city’s military past. Constructed in response to the Ottoman threat, the Barbican was an advanced outpost of Kraków’s city walls. It has a moat and drawbridge that originally connected it to St. Florian’s Gate. It was built in the Gothic style and features seven watchtowers for archers and guards and three-meter-thick brick walls, making it nearly impenetrable.
The Barbican played a key role in defending Krakow from attacks. It successfully repelled a Muscovite invasion in 1587 and remained a vital part of the city's fortifications until the 19th century, when most of the medieval walls were dismantled. Unlike many European fortresses, the Barbican remains standing and is now a museum and event space. Visitors can walk along the fortified walls, explore exhibitions on Krakow’s medieval history and military defences, and even attend historical reenactments and festivals.
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