Hagia Sophia

The height of Byzantine architecture, the Hagia Sophia is one of Istanbul’s must-see attractions.

TravelCurious Tip

Keep an eye out for the ‘wishing column’ - a column inside the building with a hole covered by bronze plates, rumoured to cry moisture that will cure illnesses.

Cathedral, mosque, museum

For almost a millennium, Hagia Sophia was the world’s largest cathedral. Originally constructed as a basilica between 532 and 537, it served as the centre of the Eastern Orthodox Church. After Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1453, it was converted into a mosque; covering its mosaics and removing its relics, the Turks replaced the altar with a mihrab and added minarets. In 1935 it was converted again, this time into a secular museum. It remains one today, attracting well over 3 million visitors a year.

The 20th century renovations removed the building’s carpeting, revealing the original marble floors; its Byzantine Christian mosaics, hidden behind plaster, were rediscovered and restored. The present state of the interior speaks of its fascinating layered history: Byzantine crucifixes are visible beneath later Islamic decoration; calligraphy sits alongside Christ.


A fine balance

Recent restorers have made efforts to strike a careful balance when choosing to reveal ancient Christian art, as this can necessitate the removal of important Islamic work that covers it. Controversy remains over the inside of the dome, which is believed to have a magnificent mosaic of Christ hidden beneath its present Islamic calligraphy. The building’s six-winged angels were discovered in the 19th century only to have their faces covered, before being made visible again once more in the 1930s.

In any case, visitors today can admire the magnificence of Byzantine architecture in a building of beautiful and surprising variety. The innovative cupola dome, in particular, is a marvel: its weight caused many problems over the years, suffering a number of collapses before Isidore the Younger improved its construction. The forty windows around its base flood the nave with light, giving the dome the appearance of floating above the building when viewed from below.

Nearby Attractions

See all attractions in Istanbul
Blue Mosque
A beautiful and elaborate place of worship, the Blue Mosque is the most important legacy of a roguish Ottoman Sultan.
Topkapi Palace
The Sultans’ royal residence for four centuries, today Topkapi Palace is a spectacular museum.
Basilica Cistern
Hidden beneath the city is a vast and mysterious space, crowded with ancient Roman columns.
Hippodrome of Constantinople
The ancient pleasures of Constantinople are brought to life in this stunning historic site.
The Circumcision Room
Under the Ottoman Empire, each year there were circumcision ceremonies and festivals, which took place for days on end, in which the many princes of the empire were circumcised.
Imperial Treasury Room at the Topkapi Palace
Comprising of several rooms, the treasury rooms at the palace are some of the most lavish in the entire palace, full of artifacts from the Ottoman Empire, including large diamonds and gold-encrusted objects.

Related Tours

Istanbul Half-Day Private Tour : Blue Mosque, Hagia Sofia, Grand Bazaar & Spice Market
This whistle-stop tour of Istanbul's highlights is great for those who wish to cover a lot of ground in a short space of time. On your private tour with transport, you will:

  • Enjoy the comforts of a private vehicle throughout the tour, including hotel pick-up and drop-off;
  • Enjoy the personalized attention of your private licensed guide;
  • Marvel at the elegance of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), famed for its 6 minarets and beautiful blue decorative tiles;
  • Take in the grandeur of Hagia Sophia as you enjoy a fully guided tour of one of the most important Byzantine structures in the world;
  • Expertly navigate through the Grand Bazaar and learn about Turkish trade and local traditions;
  • Step away from the beaten path as your local guide introduces you to his/her favorite local café and artisans!;
  • End the tour by tasting Turkish delights, and taking in the vibrant colors and scents of the Spice Market. 

Note: The Blue Mosque is a religious place of worship, so please dress respectfully. Shoulders and legs must be covered, and head coverings are available at the mosque entrance for free. You will also be given a bag at entry in which to put your shoes.

In this amazing half-day highlights tour of Istanbul, you will have the chance to be fully immersed in the history and culture of this great city. Your first stop will be the absolutely stunning Blue Mosque, the 17th-century triumph of Sultan Ahmet I, and one of the most beautiful buildings in Istanbul. Look out for the mosque's unique undulating exterior featuring myriad domes and six slender minarets. Gorgeous blue Iznik tiles adorn the interior, giving the building its unique name. 

Venturing forth to the Hagia Sophia, commissioned by the Byzantine emperor Justinian, consecrated as a church in 537, converted to a mosque by Mehmet the Conqueror in 1453, and finally promoted as a museum by Atatürk in 1935- you will find the exquisite artistry of Byzantine architecture and rich history of the region than this great temple.

As you enter the Hagia Sophia, you can not help but be awestruck by the utter beauty of the extraordinary architecture and the sense of the divine that will envelop you inside. The walls are covered with astonishing biblical images that miraculously have survived a tumultuous history. Do not feel overwhelmed, as your expert city guide will be talking you through the fascinating history of the building, as well as the significance of the iconography and art you will find there.

Your final stop will be at the colorful Grand Bazaar and Spice Market. You will feel immersed in the ancient marketplace, exploring your way down narrow lanes to watch craftsmen and artists at work, whilst stopping for an obligatory Turkish treat and cup of mint tea. 
Istanbul's Old City: Full-Day Private All Inclusive Highlights Tour
With this full-day highlights tour of Istanbul, you will gain a culturally-rich experience of both European and Asian traditions. On your full-day tour, you will:

  • Enjoy the comforts of a private vehicle throughout the tour, including hotel pick-up and drop-off;
  • Enjoy the personalized attention of your private licensed guide;
  • Hear stories of the Ottoman sultans as you wander through the Topkapı Palace (tickets included);
  • Visit the recently renovated Harem section of the Topkapi Palace (tickets included);
  • Explore the Hagia Irene, a hidden gem in the outer courtyard of Topkapı Palace;
  • Learn about Istanbul's rich and exciting history at the Hippodrome of Constantinople;
  • Marvel at the elegance of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque), famed for its 6 minarets and beautiful blue decorative tiles;
  • Take in the grandeur of Hagia Sophia as you enjoy a fully guided tour of one of the most important Byzantine structures in the world;
  • Pause for a traditional Turkish lunch (not included in the price);
  • Descend beneath the city into the otherworldly Serefiye Cistern,  the oldest building in the world with a 360° projection mapping system;
  • Expertly navigate through the Grand Bazaar and learn about Turkish trade and local traditions;
  • End the tour by the Galata Bridge with a magnificent view, or enjoy a private transfer back to your hotel or the preferred location. 

In this full-day highlights tour of the great city of Istanbul, you will have the pleasure of visiting some of the most iconic attractions of the city, accompanied by your knowledgeable expert city guide. Starting with the Hippodrome of Constantinople, once used as an ancient Roman running and chariot racing track, and the epicenter of Byzantine life. 

You will then head to the absolutely stunning Blue Mosque, one of the most beautiful buildings in Istanbul, which was the 17th-century triumph of Sultan Ahmet I. Look for the mosque's unique undulating exterior, featuring myriad domes and six slender minarets. Gorgeous blue Iznik tiles adorn the interior, giving the building its unique name. 

Venturing forth to the Hagia Sophia, commissioned by the Byzantine emperor Justinian, consecrated as a church in 537, converted to a mosque by Mehmet the Conqueror in 1453, and finally promoted as a museum by Atatürk in 1935- you will find the exquisite artistry of Byzantine architecture and rich history of the region than this great temple.

You will be pleased to pause for a delicious traditional Turkish lunch (not included in the price), after which you will be immersed in the fascinating history of Topkapi Palace. Extremely opulent, it was once the residence of countless Ottoman sultans from the 15th to the 19th century. Look for the palace's fabulous pavilions, unbelievable Treasury, and formal rooms, and don't miss the magnificent Harem rooms!

You will then venture underground to the awe-inspiring Serefiye Cistern, where you will learn about its impressive construction.  It is the oldest building in the world with a 360° projection mapping system. Finishing off this once-in-a-lifetime tour, you will visit the colorful Grand Bazaar, which was built by Mehmet the Conqueror in 1461. Explore the narrow lanes to watch craftsmen and artists at work, whilst stopping for an obligatory cup of traditional Turkish tea. End the tour by the Galata Bridge with a magnificent view or enjoy a private transfer back to your hotel or the preferred location. 
Istanbul's Grand Bazaar, Spice Market & Turkish Hans Private Tour
Explore the sights, sounds, and smells of Turkey's cultural heart on a walking tour with private transport which includes a fully guided tour. On your tour, you will:

  • Sit back, relax and enjoy the comforts of a private vehicle throughout the tour, including hotel pick-up and drop-off;
  • Enjoy a fully guided introduction to the importance of the Constantine HippodromeObelisk & Serpent Column;
  • Expertly navigate through the Grand Bazaar and learn about Turkish trade and local traditions and walk a cross 500 years of history, 64 streets, 22 gates;
  • Visit one of Istanbul's famed Hans, built by the Turkish Ottomans, these impressive buildings still serve today as accommodation, storage, and sale points for artisans and traders;
  • Visit Hagia Sofia – one of the city’s great attractions and hear about the 1500 years old history;
  • Finish your tour by taking in the vibrant colors and scents of the Spice Market.
On this tour, you will journey into the exotic world of Istanbul’s historic markets and bazaars. Your first stop will be the colourful Grand Bazaar, built by Mehmet the Conqueror in 1461, it expanded to eventually cover the vast labyrinthine treasure trove you see today. You will feel immersed in the ancient marketplace, exploring your way through narrow lanes to watch craftsmen and artists at work and stopping off for an obligatory cup of traditional Turkish tea. 
 
 As you wander the vast alleys of the Bazaar, your expert city guide will be happy to discuss the fascinating history of the area and the significance behind Istanbul’s strategic geographical position near the Bosphorus. Do not fear, your intrepid local guide will be able to direct you to the best-hidden gems the market has to offer.

 Venturing forth to the Hagia Sophia, commissioned by the Byzantine emperor Justinian, consecrated as a church in 537, converted to a mosque by Mehmet the Conqueror in 1453, and finally promoted as a museum by Atatürk in 1935- you will find the exquisite artistry of Byzantine architecture and rich history of the region than this great temple.
 
 Your next stop will be at the famous Turkish Spice Market, where you will be able to peruse some of the best herbs and spices imported to Turkey from all over the world. This is sure to be a treat for the senses as you experience sights, sounds, and smells you are unlikely to have ever come across before. Bustling with energy, the delightful market streets will satisfy your intellectual curiosity, as well as satiate any hunger pangs!
All-Inclusive, Bosphorus Strait Cruise in a Private Yacht
Enjoy an all-inclusive, private sail of the Bosphorus, where you’ll see the best of the city’s spectacular skyline. Your tour comes complete with a captain, skipper, tour guide, food and drinks. On your private boating trip, you will:

  • Step into a world of luxury on a two-hour cruise down the Bosphorus Strait on a private yacht.
  • Enjoy the history of the magnificent strait from your private guide, who will point out the best of the sights, and engage with you according to your preference. 
  • Find out the impact of the strait on Turkey’s foreign policy, since the strait connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara and the Mediterranean, and serves as the geographical border between Europe and Asia, and the world's narrowest strait used for international navigation. 
  • Admire the striking Dolmabahce and Ciragan Palaces, the stunning jewel-like Büyük Mecidiye Mosque, the medieval Rumelian Castle, the Maiden's Tower, and colourful Yali Mansions. 
  • Engage all your senses as you taste beautifully prepared appetisers made with local Turkish product (includes 1 glass of wine, a or bottle of beer per person, soft drinks, dried fruits, hams and cheeses, and bread).
  • Relax into the beauty of the city, and see some of the most iconic and beautiful views of Istanbul, with its fairytale skyline marked by the minarets of Haghia Sofia and the Blue Mosque.
  • Please note: This cruise is particularly stunning at sunset, so please contact us if you would like to make your trip a sunset cruise. 
As the world’s narrowest strait used for international navigation, the importance of the Bosphorus Strait—and thus Istanbul’s existence—cannot be overstated. Still, the best way we know to learn about this critical waterway is simply to enjoy it in a luxurious way, at your own leisure on a private yacht. 

Your guide will be sure to show you the city’s key highlights, including the stunning Dolmabahçe Palace, with its ostentatious façade, as well as the 15th century Rumeli Hisarı Fortress and Beylerbeyi Palace, where Ottoman sultans spent their summers. 

During the cruise, you will get the chance to truly experience the meeting of East and West, which comes together in the great city of Istanbul. While differences have been rooted within Turkish history, and have at times resulted in tension, the mix of different cultures and faiths in Istanbul has indeed fuelled the creation of the amazing, and utterly unique city that you see today. After two hours, your captain will dock in your original port, where you can then step off into the cool neighbourhood of Karaköy and enjoy the rest of your day or evening at your leisure. 
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